File supported.x86.txt of Package qemu.22427

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File supported.x86.txt of Package qemu.22427

[qemu-x86 package document]

SLES 15 SP2 QEMU/KVM RELATED SUPPORT STATEMENTS

Overview
--------

The QEMU based packages included with SLES 15 SP2 provide a large variety of
  features, from the very latest customer requests to features of questionable
  quality or value. The linux kernel includes components which contribute KVM
  virtualization features as well. This document was created to assist the user
  in deciding which features can be relied upon to build enterprise class
  virtualization solutions. KVM based virtualization for x86 (Intel 64/AMD64),
  for IBM System z (s390x), and for the ARM64 architecture (AArch64) are offered
  at the L3 (full support) level. The bulk of this document deals with L3
  supported features and is primarily x86 centric. This document should be
  considered a companion to the standard virtualization documentation delivered
  with the product.

KVM is implemented in linux kernel modules which enable the linux kernel to
  function as an integral part of the KVM hypervisor. The hypervisor-guest
  interaction is managed by QEMU through the /dev/kvm ioctl interface. The linux
  host assists in the virtualization of storage, networking and display
  resources as well as allowing direct hardware passthrough of PCI and USB
  devices. Linux memory and cpu management features are used by QEMU/KVM to
  enable guests to share those host resources as efficiently as possible.

QEMU is a primary component of KVM based virtualization. The legacy qemu-kvm
  program is available for continuity with pre SLES 12 usage, including in
  libvirt domain xml references. The QEMU emulator binaries qemu-system-x86_64
  and qemu-system-i386 (x86 host) are now the primary programs to use to access
  KVM virtualization. When using these programs, the -machine option accel=kvm
  (or its alias -enable-kvm), or --accel kvm option must be specified for KVM
  acceleration to be used by the guest. Although Xen uses QEMU for
  virtualization as well, this document does not identify Xen supported
  features.

Libvirt is the preferred means of accessing QEMU/KVM functionality and is
  documented elsewhere. This document focuses on the features and direct usage
  of QEMU/KVM as provided by the QEMU based packages.

Major QEMU/KVM Supported Features
---------------------------------

- KVM virtualization is accomplished by using the QEMU program in KVM
  acceleration mode. KVM acceleration requires that both guest and host have
  the same fundamental architecture.

- Guest images created under previous QEMU versions are supported by machine
  version compatibilities built into more recent QEMU versions.

- For ease of use, the QEMU program has defaults which represent traditional
  usage patterns.

- Guest virtual machine characteristics are specified by a combination of
  internal defaults, options provided on the QEMU program command-line, runtime
  configurations set via the monitor interfaces and optional config files. The
  runtime control of a VM is effected either through the Human Monitor
  "Protocol" (HMP), or the JSON based programmatical QEMU Monitor Protocol (QMP)
  interface. For QMP details, see qemu-qmp-ref man page.
  Since a KVM guest runs in the context of a normal linux process, some types
  of execution controls are managed with linux tools.

- Various standard vCPU types are available, along with the ability to specify
  individual CPU features visible to the guest.

- QEMU incorporates a SEABIOS based system BIOS and iPXE based PXE ROMs, which
  allow boot options common to physical systems, along with other features
  tailored to virtualization. Various VGABIOS ROMs, also from the SEABIOS
  project, are also included. A UEFI based guest boot environment is also
  available by using the firmware provided by the qemu-ovmf-x86_64 package.

- Some QEMU messages have been localized to various languages. This is provided
  by the optional qemu-lang package. Keyboard mappings for various nationalities
  is also provided.

- Virtual machine lifecycle controls include startup through the system BIOS or
  kernel boot, ACPI or legacy based shutdown, execution pausing, the saving and
  restoring of machine state or disk state, VM migration to another host, and
  miscellaneous controls available through the "monitors" mentioned above.

- Guest execution state may be "moved" in both time (save/restore) and space
  (static and live migration). These migrations or save/restore operations can
  take place either from certain prior SLES versioned hosts to a SLES 15 SP2
  host or between hosts of the same version. Certain other restrictions also
  apply.

- Security considerations include seccomp2 based sandboxing, vTPM, privileged
  helpers and a security model which allows running guests as a non-root user.

- QEMU/KVM supports a wide range of operating systems within the VMs. See the
  online SUSE documentation for supported OS's. Windows guests can optionally be
  accelerated with QEMU/KVM provided Hyper-V hypercalls, or with paravirtual
  drivers from the SUSE Virtual Machine Driver Pack. Linux includes a number of
  paravirtual drivers as well.

- QEMU provides best effort reuse of existing disk images, including those with
  systems installed, through geometry probing. Also disk images produced by
  other popular virtualization technologies may be imported into QEMU supported
  storage formats. These QEMU formats include features which exploit the
  benefits of virtualization.

- Memory, cpu and disk space overcommit are possible and can be beneficial when
  done responsibly. Additional management of these resources comes in the form
  of memory ballooning or hotplug, host KSM, vcpu hot-add, online disk resizing,
  trim, discard and hole punching.

- Guest performance is enhanced through the use of virtio devices, various disk
  caching modes, network acceleration via the vhost-net kernel module, multi-
  queue network transmit capabilities, host transparent huge pages (THP) and
  direct hugetlb usage. Physical PCI and USB devices may also be passed through
  to the guest, including SR-IOV VF's.

- The guest UI is accessable via GTK, VNC, Spice, and serial (including curses
  TUI) interfaces.

- Guest timekeeping is supported in a variety of ways, including a paravirtual
  clocksource, and options for the various guest clocks for how to handle the
  timeslicing of the guest's execution on the host.

- Guest OS's interact with virtualized hardware including a choice of either
  older or more recent x86 system chipsets, system devices and buses, and a
  variety of common storage and networking emulated devices. SMBIOS and ACPI
  table details can be customized.

- In addition to the para-virtualized devices already mentioned, other devices
  and infrastructure designed to avoid virtualization "problem areas" are
  available such as SPICE graphics, vmmouse emulation, tablet style pointer
  interfaces and virtio based UI interfaces.

- A built-in user-mode network (SLIRP) stack is available.

- Portions of the host file system may be shared with a guest by using virtFS.

- A guest "agent" is available for SLES 15 SP2 KVM guests via the
  qemu-guest-agent package. This allows some introspection and control of the
  guest OS environment from the host.

QEMU/KVM Technology Previews
----------------------------

- Nested VMX and SVM virtualization is possible.

- All features indicated as not being supported in this document fall under the
  Technology Preview definition contained in the main product's release notes.

Noteworthy QEMU/KVM Unsupported Features
----------------------------------------

- Note that some features are unsupported simply due to lack of validation. If
  an existing feature is desired, but not marked supported, let SUSE know about
  your requirements.

- The TCG "acceleration" mode may be helpful for problem isolation, but
  otherwise presents insufficient benefit and stability.

- Use of -cpu host is not supported in all host/guest configurations.

- GlusterFS integration is not enabled.

Deprecated, Superseded, Modified and Dropped Features
-----------------------------------------------------

- http://wiki.qemu-project.org/Features/LegacyRemoval
  This website tracks feature deprecation and removal at the upstream
  development level. Our qemu package inherits this community direction, but be
  aware that we can and will deviate as needed. Those deviations and additional
  information can be found in this section. Feature deprecation is also tracked
  in Appendix B of the qemu-doc.* files installed with the qemu package.

- When no video adapter is specified, the default used is stdvga. This differs
  from the default of prior releases which was cirrus. The cirrus adapter was
  considered too outdated to continue to use as the default.

- The deprecated windows drivers (win-virtio-drivers.iso) are no longer provided.
  The Virtual Machine Driver Pack is the supported way to get virtio drivers for
  Windows guests.

- The use of ",boot=on" for virtio disks is no longer needed since the bios used
  supports the virtio block interface directly. In fact, its usage may cause
  problems, and is now considered deprecated.

- The use of "?" as a parameter to "-cpu", "-soundhw", "-device", "-M",
  "-machine" and "-d" is now considered deprecated. Use "help"
  instead.

- The use of "if=scsi" as a parameter to "-drive" does not work anymore with PC
  machine types, as it created an obsolete SCSI controller model.

- Passthrough of a host floppy device is now considered deprecated.

- Use of aio=native without direct cache mode also being specified (cache=none,
  cache=directsync, or cache.direct=on) is no longer allowed.

- The use of image encryption in qcow and qcow2 formats is now considered
  deprecated.
  Analysis has shown it to be weak encryption, in addition to suffering from
  poor design. Images can easily be converted to a non-encrypted format.

- Use of acpi, boot-opts, and smp-opts in a -readconfig config file are now
  considered deprecated. In the future those names will be standardized to
  acpitable, boot, and smp respectively.

- When only a partial SMP topology is provided (ie only some of sockets, cores,
  threads) the derived guest ABI is not guaranteed to be equivalent in future
  versions.

- The previously supported machine types pc-0.12, pc-0.14 and pc-0.15 are now
  deprecated.
 
- These previously supported command line options are now considered deprecated:
  -device ide-drive (use ide-hd or ide-cd instead)
  -device scsi-disk (use scsi-hd or scsi-cd instead)
  -device virtio-blk,scsi= (use virtio-scsi instead)
  -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi= (use virtio-scsi instead)
  -realtime mlock= (use -overcommit mem-lock= instead)
  (the following are early notices of deprecation in a future qemu version)
  -M option kernel-irqchip=off
  -chardev tty (use serial name instead)
  -chardev paraport (use parallel name instead)
  -enable-fips (not really helpful - see https://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=commit;h=166310299a1e7824bbff17e1f016659d18b4a559 for details)
  -spice password=string (use password-string option instead)
  -writeconfig (no replacement - never really worked right)

- These previously supported command line options are no longer supported:
  <previously mentioned items have been moved to another category>

- These previously supported command line options are no longer recognized:
  -balloon (use -device virtio-balloon instead)
  -clock
  -device ivshmem (use ivshmem-doorbell or ivshmem-plain instead)
  -device pc-sysfw (no longer needed)
  -device pci-assign, -device kvm-pci-assign (use -device vfio-pci instead)
  -display sdl
  -no-frame
  -nodefconfig (use -no-user-config instead)
  -sdl
  -virtioconsole (use -device virtconsole instead)

- Specifying a cpu feature with both "+feature/-feature" and "feature=on/off"
  will now cause a warning. The current behavior for this combination where
  "+feature/-feature" wins over "feature=on/off", will be changed going forward
  so that "+feature" and "-feature" will be synonyms for "feature=on" and
  "feature=off" respectively.

- The previously supported blkdev-add QMP command has been flagged as lacking
  and could possibly change syntax in the future.

- These previously unsupported command line options are now deprecated:
  -bt
  -no-kvm-pit

- The previously unsupported machine types pc-0.13 and pc-0.14 are now
  deprecated.
 
- The case of specified sockets, cores, and threads not matching the vcpu count
  is no longer silently ignored. QEMU now requires that the topology match the
  vcpu count.

- These previously unsupported command line options are no longer recognized:
  -device at24c-eeprom
  -device ccid-card-passthru
  -device cfi.pflash01
  -device esp
  -device exynos4210-ehci-usb
  -device fusbh200-ehci-usb
  -device icc-bridge
  -device q35-pcihost
  -device mch
  -device mmio_interface
  -device smbus-eeprom
  -device SUNW,fdtwo
  -device sysbus-ahci
  -device sysbus-fdc
  -device sysbus-ohci
  -device tegra2-ehci-usb
  -device testdev (use -device pc-testdev instead)
  -device virtio-mmio
  -device xln,ps7-usb
  -enable-hax (use -accel hax instead)
  -enable-nesting
  -kvm-shadow-memory (use -machine kvm_shadow_mem= instead)
  -M mac
  -machine mac
  -no-kvm-irqchip (use -machine kernel_irqchip=off instead)
  -no-kvm-pit
  -no-kvm-pit-reinjection (use -global kvm-pit.lost_tick_policy=discard instead)
  -nvram
  -old-param
  -osk
  -pcidevice (use -device vfio-pci instead)
  -qtest
  -semihosting
  -tdf (note: mistakenly listed previously as supported)
  -xen-create

- The previously unsupported machine types pc-0.10 and pc-0.11 are no longer
  recognized.

- These previously supported QMP commands are now deprecated:
  change (use blockdev-change-medium or change-vnc-password instead)
  cpu-add
  migrate-set-cache-size (use migrate-set-parameters instead)
  migrate_set_downtime (use migrate-set-parameters instead)
  migrate_set_speed (use migrate-set-parameters instead)
  query-cpus (use query-cpus-fast instead)
  query-events
  query-migrate-cache-size (use query-migrate-parameters instead)

- These previously supported monitor commands are now deprecated:
  change
  cpu-add
  migrate_set_downtime
  migrate_set_speed

- These previously supported monitor commands are no longer recognized:
  cpu_set
  pci_add (use device_add instead)
  pci_del (use device_del instead)
  usb_add (use device_add instead)
  usb_del (use device_del instead)

- These previously unsupported monitor command are now deprecated:
  acl_add ...
  acl_policy ...
  acl_remove ...
  acl_reset ...
  acl_show ...

- These previously unsupported monitor commands are no longer recognized:
  host_net_add
  host_net_remove

- These previously unsupported QMP commands are now supported under a new name:
  x-block-dirty-bitmap-disable (use block-dirty-bitmap-disable instead)
  x-block-dirty-bitmap-enable (use block-dirty-bitmap-enable instead)
  x-block-dirty-bitmap-merge (use block-dirty-bitmap-merge instead)
  x-block-latency-histogram-set (use block-latency-histogram-set instead)
  x-blockdev-create (use blockdev-create instead)
  x-input-send-event (use input-send-event instead)

- This previously unsupported QMP commands is no longer recognized:
  x-nbd-server-add-bitmap

- Due to the lack of migration support (mainly due to ahci interface issues)
  and other unstable interface issues, earlier versions of the q35 machine type
  are not supported in this release. The current q35 machine type is however now
  fully supported.

- Due to upstream's decision to no longer fully support the qed storage format
  going forward (since it really provides no benefit over qcow2 and is now no
  longer actively maintained upstream), creating qed storage images is no longer
  supported and it is highly discouraged to continue using existing qed images.
  They should instead be converted to another supported format.

- If KVM Intel nested virtualization is enabled, and the guest is passed the vmx
  feature, then live migration or save/restore is prohibited.

QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
------------------------------------------------

- The QEMU program command-line syntax is as follows:
  qemu-system-i386 [options] [disk_image]
  qemu-system-x86_64 [options] [disk_image]

Where 'options' are taken from the options listed below, and 'disk_image' is
  the file system reference to the x86 guest's primary IDE based hard disk
  image. This image as well as those used with -drive or -cdrom, may be in the
  raw (no format) or qcow2 storage formats, and may be located in files within
  the host filesystem, logical volumes, host physical disks, or network based
  storage. Read only media may also be accessed via URL style protocol
  specifiers.

Note that as a general rule, as new command line options are added which serve
  to replace an older option or interface, you are strongly encouraged to adapt
  your usage to the new option. The new option is being introduced to provide
  better functionality and usability going forward. In some cases existing
  problems or even bugs in older interfaces cannot be fixed due to functional
  expectations, but are resolved in the newer interface or option.
  This advice includes moving to the most recent machine type (eg pc-i440fx-4.2
  instead of pc-i440fx-3.1) if possible.

- The following monitor commands are supported:
  ?
  announce_self ...
  balloon ...
  block_resize ...
  boot_set ...
  c
  change ...
  chardev-add ...
  chardev-change ...
  chardev-remove ...
  chardev-send-break ...
  client_migrate_info ...
  closefd ...
  cont
  cpu ...
  cpu-add ...
  delvm ...
  device_add ...
  device_del ...
  drive_add ...
  drive_backup ...
  drive_del ...
  dump_guest_memory ...
  eject ...
  gdbserver ...
  gpa2hpa ...
  gpa2hva ...
  gva2gpa ...
  help
  i ...
  info ...
  loadvm ...
  logfile ...
  logitem ...
  mce ...
  memsave ...
  migrate ...
  migrate_cancel
  migrate_continue ...
  migrate_incoming
  migrate_pause
  migrate_recover ...
  migrate_set_cache_size ...
  migrate_set_capability ...
  migrate_set_downtime ...
  migrate_set_parameter ...
  migrate_set_speed ...
  migrate_start_post_copy
  mouse_button ...
  mouse_move ...
  mouse_set ...
  nmi ...
  o ...
  object_add ...
  object_del ...
  p ...
  pci_add ...
  pci_del...
  pmemsave ...
  print ...
  q
  qemu-io ...
  qom-list
  qom-set
  ringbuf_read ...
  ringbuf_write ...
  savevm ...
  screendump ...
  sendkey ...
  snapshot_blkdev_internal ...
  snapshot_delete_blkdev_internal ...
  stop
  sum ...
  system_powerdown
  system_reset
  system_wakeup
  trace-event ...
  watchdog_action ...
  x ...
  xp ...

- The following QMP commands are supported:
  add_client
  add-fd
  announce-self
  balloon
  blockdev-add
  blockdev-backup
  blockdev-change-medium
  blockdev-close-tray
  blockdev-create
  blockdev-del
  blockdev-mirror
  blockdev-open-tray
  blockdev-snapshot
  blockdev-snapshot-delete-internal-sync
  blockdev-snapshot-internal-sync
  blockdev-snapshot-sync
  block-commit
  block-dirty-bitmap-add
  block-dirty-bitmap-clear
  block-dirty-bitmap-disable
  block-dirty-bitmap-enable
  block-dirty-bitmap-merge
  block-dirty-bitmap-remove
  block-latency-histogram-set
  block_passwd
  block_resize
  block_set_io_throttle
  block-set-write-threshold
  block_stream
  change
  change-vnc-password
  chardev-add
  chardev-change
  chardev-remove
  chardev-send-break
  client_migrate_info
  closefd
  cont
  cpu
  cpu-add
  device_add
  device_del
  device-list-properties
  dump-guest-memory
  eject
  expire_password
  getfd
  human-monitor-command
  inject-nmi
  input-send-event
  job-cancel
  job-complete
  job-dismiss
  job-finalize
  job-pause
  job-resume
  memsave
  migrate
  migrate_cancel
  migrate-continue
  migrate-incoming
  migrate-pause
  migrate-resume
  migrate-set-cache-size
  migrate-set-capabilities
  migrate_set_downtime
  migrate_set_speed
  migrate-set-parameters
  migrate-start-postcopy
  object-add
  object-del
  pmemsave
  qmp_capabilities
  qom-get
  qom-list
  qom-list-types
  qom-set
  query-acpi-ospm-status
  query-balloon
  query-block
  query-block-jobs
  query-blockstats
  query-chardev
  query-chardev-backends
  query-command-line-options
  query-commands
  query-cpu-definitions
  query-cpu-model-baseline
  query-cpu-model-comparison
  query-cpu-model-expansion
  query-cpus
  query-cpus-fast
  query-current-machine
  query-display-options
  query-dump
  query-dump-guest-memory-capability
  query-events
  query-fdsets
  query-gic-capabilities
  query-hotpluggable-cpus
  query-iothreads
  query-jobs
  query-kvm
  query-machines
  query-memdev
  query-memory-devices
  query-memory-size-summary
  query-mice
  query-migrate
  query-migrate-cache-size
  query-migrate-capabilities
  query-migrate-parameters
  query-name
  query-named-block-nodes
  query-pci
  query-pr-managers
  query-qmp-schema
  query-rocker
  query-rocker-of-dpa-flows
  query-rocker-of-dpa-groups
  query-rocker-ports
  query-rx-filter
  query-spice
  query-status
  query-target
  query-tpm
  query-tpm-models
  query-tpm-types
  query-uuid
  query-version
  query-vnc
  query-vnc-servers
  query-xen-replication-status
  quit
  remove-fd
  ringbuf-read
  ringbuf-write
  rtc-reset-reinjection
  screendump
  send-key
  set_link
  set_password
  set-numa-node
  stop
  system_powerdown
  system_reset
  system_wakeup
  trace-event-get-state
  trace-event-set-state
  transaction
  watchdog-set-action
  xen-load-devices-state
  xen-save-devices-state
  xen-set-global-dirty-log

- The following monitor commands are unsupported:
  acl_add ...
  acl_policy ...
  acl_remove ...
  acl_reset ...
  acl_show ...
  block_job_cancel ...
  block_job_complete ...
  block_job_pause ...
  block_job_resume ...
  block_job_set_speed ...
  block_passwd ...
  commit ...
  drive_mirror ...
  exit_preconfig
  expire_password ...
  hostfwd_add ...
  hostfwd_remove ...
  nbd_server_add ...
  nbd server_start ...
  nbd_server_stop ...
  netdev_add
  netdev_del ...
  pcie_aer_inject_error ...
  set_link ...
  set_password ...
  singlestep ...
  snapshot_blkdev ...
  stopcapture ...
  sync-profile ...
  wavcapture ...
  x_colo_lost_heartbeat

- The following QMP commands are unsupported:
  block-job-cancel
  block-job-complete
  block-job-pause
  block-job-resume
  block-job-set-speed
  change-backing-file
  drive-backup
  drive-mirror
  dump-skeys
  netdev_add
  netdev_del
  nbd-server-add
  nbd-server-start
  nbd-server-stop
  query-colo-status
  query-sev
  query-sev-launch-measure
  x-blockdev-change
  x-blockdev-insert-medium
  x-blockdev-remove-medium
  x-blockdev-reopen
  x-colo-lost-heartbeat
  x-debug-block-dirty-bitmap-sha256
  x-debug-query-block-graph
  x-exit-preconfig
  xen-colo-do-checkpoint
  xen-set-replication

Places

File supported.x86.txt of Package qemu.22427

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